The lag recency effect, previously observed in immediate free recall, was also observed in delayed and continuous distractor free recall.

In 2 experiments, participants performed immediate, delayed, and continuous distractor free recall under conditions designed to minimize rehearsal. Kahana (1996) documented this effect and showed that this tendency, which the authors refer to as the lag recency effect, is well described by a variant of the search of associative memory (SAM) model (J. In-immediate free recall, words recalled successively tend to come from nearby serial positions. For example, list length (Murdock, 1962), interitem similarity The special status of the recency effect in free recall is highlighted by findings that numerous experimental manipulations and participant variables have different effects on recency and prerecency items. In free recall, the recency effect is almost completely eliminated by 15 s of a distractor task (Glanzer & Cunitz, 1966 Postman & Phillips, 1965).

In this article we analyze the recency effect in free recall, focusing on the details of retrieval under various distractor conditions. Although recency effects in recognition memory are long lived and resistant to interference (e.g., Strong, 1912), recency effects in free and probed recall are short lived and are extremely vulnerable to interference (e.g., Postman & Phillips, 1965). The recency effect refers to the decline in memory performance with the passage of time or the presence of interfering events. By means of analytic simulations, the authors show that both the end of list recency effect and the lag recency effect, across all distractor conditions, can be explained by a single-store model in which context, retrieved with each recalled item, serves as a cue for subsequent recalls. Although two-store memory models, such as SAM, readily account for the end-of-list recency effect in immediate free recall, and its attenuation in delayed free recall, these models fail to account for the long-term recency effect.

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